Abstract:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat, with antibiotic misuse in aquaculture being a key contributor. This study assesses antimicrobial use (AMU), particularly antibiotics, in the fisheries sector of Malaysia. Data were collected from 297 respondents across 9 of 13 states (2017–2022), including farmers (230), fish exporters (22), feed suppliers (8), veterinary clinics (16), aquatic health professionals (4), zoo/aquatic park managers (7), aquaculture researchers (4) and government hatchery managers (6). Additional evidence was gathered from monitoring programs, literature reviews, and agency reports. The results revealed that only 18 (7.5 %) fish/shrimp farmers used antibiotics, with oxytetracycline being the most common antibiotic (33 %). Other antibiotics include erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, and florfenicol. The maximum annual usage was 40 kg for oxytetracycline, 1 kg for florfenicol, and 0.2 kg for enrofloxacin. Antibiotics were primarily used for treatment (56 %) and never used as growth promoters. Most farmers obtain veterinary prescriptions prior to use. Antibiotic application in aquatic theme parks and R&D was minimal and controlled. These findings suggest that antibiotic use in Malaysian aquaculture is relatively low compared with global trends, reflecting progress toward sustainable practices. However, broader surveys are needed for comprehensive AMU data. This study highlights the importance of continued monitoring, education, and enforcement of responsible antibiotic use to mitigate AMR risks and informs policy development for sustainable aquaculture in Malaysia.

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Date 2025/12/31

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